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The Gains From Traits: GMOs Bring Welfare Gains

08 Friday Jan 2016

Posted by Nuetzel in Biotechnology

≈ 1 Comment

Tags

Biology Fortified, Biotechnology, Conflict of Interest, crony capitalism, EU GMO Research, Facebook, GE Pharmaceuticals, genetic engineering, Genetic Food Progress, GMO Labelling, GMO Safety, GMO Skepti-Forum, GMOs, Industry-Funded Research, Insulin and GMOs, Julie Kelly, Libertarianism and GMOs, Marc Brazeau, Multi-Generational Studies, Robert Wenzel

GMO-Right Genes
For about 30 years I have injected analog human insulin, produced by GMO E. coli bacteria, directly into my tissue. And I feel great, as do many other Type I diabetics who benefit from the advance this offers over earlier insulins made with pork and beef insulin crystals. Quite simply, I have the wrong genes. Those bad genes enabled my immune system to destroy the insulin-producing cells I needed to stay alive. At first, that necessitated the use of a faulty substitute, but later, an organism was created in a lab with the right gene to produce the powerful analog insulin I use now.

There are many other genetically-engineered pharmaceutical products on the market today, and more are coming. Julie Kelly discusses some of these developments in “The March of Genetic Food Progress” (if gated, Google “wsj Julie Kelly Genetic”). One in particular is an egg laid by a GM chicken that treats:

“… a rare and potentially fatal disorder called lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. The chicken… produces eggs with an enzyme that replaces a faulty human enzyme, addressing the underlying cause of the disease.“

She also writes of GM piglets that resist a viral respiratory disease. Her article mentions a few promising new GMOs foods in the pipeline. In a Sacred Cow Chips post in July 2015, “Nice Splice: New & Old GMO Varieties Blossom“, I quoted William Saletan on a large number of new GMOs, which I repeat here:

“… drought-tolerant corn, virus-resistant plums, non-browning apples, potatoes with fewer natural toxins [and fewer carcinogens when fried], and soybeans that produce less saturated fat. … virus-resistant beans, heat-tolerant sugarcane, salt-tolerant wheat, disease-resistant cassava, high-iron rice, and cotton that requires less nitrogen fertilizer. … high-calcium carrots, antioxidant tomatoes, nonallergenic nuts, bacteria-resistant oranges, water-conserving wheat, corn and cassava loaded with extra nutrients, and a flaxlike plant that produces the healthy oil formerly available only in fish.“

GMO foods enhance farm productivity, reduce waste, conserve land, improve the environment and provide better nutrition. They offer solutions to a variety of human problems that are otherwise out-of-reach.

Anti-GMO activists have smeared all of these GMO crops and even GM insulin as unsafe, but they base their claims on shoddy “research” or willful misinterpretation of research. To scare-monger people with diseases like diabetes is repugnant. Decades of experience have proven the safety of modern insulin products. Those negative claims about insulin arose from a paper reviewed here, which had a different research purpose and did not even mention GMO-produced insulin.

GMOs have been in the food supply to some extent for over 25 years. There is no shortage of high-quality, independent, peer-reviewed research proving the safety of GMOs in various contexts, including multi-generational studies for GMO animal feeds. Here is a review of GMO safety and environmental research funded by the EU. Another review of 10 years of safety research found that:

“The scientific research conducted so far has not detected any significant hazards directly connected with the use of genetically engineered crops.”

An excellent post by Marc Brazeau on the Biology Fortified blog, “About Those Industry Funded GMO Studies“, covers a variety of research demonstrating GMO safety for humans, livestock, honey bees, and invertebrates. As the title suggests, Brazeau also probes the question of financial or professional conflict of interest, industry funding and their alleged impact on GMO research. Favorable GMO research is often condemned by activists on this basis. The “industry shill” argument is often invoked by activists to dismiss positive results regardless of the experimental rigor involved. Brazeau reviews some research on these questions, and notes the following:

“… where compositional studies are concerned … the company has already performed in-house studies. They are contracting independent scientists to confirm their findings. This is going to skew the results of the sample towards industry favorable study outcomes. This doesn’t mean the studies were suspect. They were just more likely to result in a favorable outcome to begin with. If the in-house study had an unfavorable outcome in compositional assessment or other tests, then that project would be stopped and it’s back to the drawing board for a new project. There is no need for follow up testing by outside independent researchers. That’s a big reason why so many studies … will produce favorable results.“

I highly recommend the GMO Skepti-Forum on Facebook as a site on which informed (and usually civil) debate takes place on GMOs. Many of the discussants are scientists actively involved in GMO research. It’s a go-to location for me when investigating on-line memes that reference GMO research.

Finally, Robert Wenzel posts some thoughts regarding “Libertarianism and GMOs“. His position on GMOs mirrors my own. He asserts that individuals have a choice about whether to consume GMOs; they are capable of finding alternatives without imposing restrictions the behavior of others who wish to avail themselves of the benefits or are unconcerned about alleged risks. In fact, the benefits often include affordability and safety. Wenzel argues that this position is consistent with the non-aggression principle, the philosophical anchor of Libertarianism.

Some libertarians object to Wenzel’s defense of biotechnology based on the crony capitalism that undoubtedly benefits the biotech industry, as well as his opposition to GMO labelling. There are certainly ties between the large biotech firms and regulators, but that is no reason to condemn the technology. Labelling proponents start from the faulty premise that there is something inherently harmful about consuming GMOs. Their solution is to impose costs on others, while they are already free to purchase their food from purveyors who offer non-GMO assurances. Hence, the argument that forced labelling represents a form of aggression.

 

The EU Opts For Agro-Federalism

14 Wednesday Jan 2015

Posted by Nuetzel in Uncategorized

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Tags

Biotechnology, EU, European Union, Federalism, GE crops, genetic engineering, GMOs, Green Movement, Matt Ridley, Organics, The Times

MOHR-europe-law

An opinion piece by Matt Ridley in The Times (UK) alerted me to the European Union’s imminent decision to allow member states to adopt their own rules regarding the planting and cultivation of genetically modified crops. The measure was approved overwhelmingly by the EU Parliament today. The talking points released by the EU emphasize that a member country can ban a GM crop even if it has been approved by the EU’s food safety authority. And the rules state:

“While cultivation is recognised to be an issue with strong national or local dimensions, current EU legislation on GMOs offers limited possibilities to Member State to decide on GMO cultivation on their territory.”

It is likely that the additional flexibility for members to impose their own bans will lead to more flexibility in the process of authorizing new varieties at the centralized level. Contrary to much of the reporting offered by Greens, who would have us believe that GE crops are all but prohibited in Europe, there are many varieties of GE crops that are already authorized by the EU. If you don’t believe it, this database may convince you.

Ridley provides an interesting account of the politicking that led to the legislation. Among EU members, the UK and Spain are the most eager to expand cultivation of GE crops, while other nations supported the measure since it seems to enhance their own sovereignty on an important agricultural issue. Nevertheless, critics of the legislation complain that it is poorly worded. Greens are unhappy because they see it as an entry for GE crops through the “back-door.” One biotech group complained that the law allows members to ban GE crops on “non-scientific grounds.”

Ridley also emphasizes some changes in thinking among traditional opponents of GE in Europe. The Greens are aware that the use of pesticides might be curtailed by the use of GE varieties. The yield-challenged organic movement also has much to gain via adoption of GE crops, and Ridley points out the inherent fallacy at the root of their past opposition:

“Ironically, the organic movement happily uses crops whose genetic material has been modified in a much less careful way — by gamma rays or chemical mutagens — for these are categorised as ‘conventional’ crops and lightly regulated. Golden Promise barley, used by organic brewers, for example, was made in a nuclear reactor.”

Federalism is a good way to promote the union of sovereign entities with disparate views on a range of issues, such as agricultural practices. However, sustaining a federalist approach requires a determination to restrain central government bureaucrats and busy-bodies who cannot control their urges to control others. For the good of humanity, let’s hope the EU can succeed in this instance.

Down On The Organic Farm

24 Monday Nov 2014

Posted by Nuetzel in Uncategorized

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

Biotechnology, composting, Conventional farming, GMOs, Henry I. Miller, Journal of Environmental Management, low-yield agriculture, Norman Borlaug, nutrition, Organic Food Myths, Richard Cornett, soil erosion, waste disposal

spaghetti tree

Organic agriculture is a low-yield alternative to conventional agriculture, despite some claims to the contrary and counter to assertions that organic farming can “feed the world.” The inferiorities of organic techniques were described last week by Henry I. Miller and Richard Cornett:

“The low yields of organic agriculture–typically 20%-50% percent lower than conventional agriculture–impose various stresses on farmland and especially on water consumption. A British meta-analysis published in the Journal of Environmental Management (2012) addressed the question whether organic farming reduces environmental impacts. It identified some of the stresses that were higher in organic, as opposed to conventional, agriculture: ‘ammonia emissions, nitrogen leaching and nitrous oxide emissions per product unit were higher from organic systems,’ as were ‘land use, eutrophication potential and acidification potential per product unit.’”

Organic production is also more soil disruptive, which leads to greater erosion and run-off, to say nothing of the pathogens introduced by heavy application of composted animal and sometimes human waste (the video on sewage treatment at this link is very interesting). Also, as the article notes, we have known for a couple of years that organics are not necessarily more nutritious than produce grown conventionally.

Organic food should always remain a viable choice for consumers should they insist on organic standards and are willing to pay the cost. However, the conceit that the world can be fed using organic agricultural techniques (like the trope that only organic farming is “sustainable”) is nothing less than cruel naivete. Given the low yields typical of organic farming, such an effort would imply a massive increase in land use, require major investment in the development of water supplies in many regions, and increase food costs to consumers. And it would fail to take advantage of biotechnology technology that can help crops withstand drought, reduce blight, reduce pesticide use, and bring important nutritional advantages. As the great Norman Borlaug would have insisted, to feed the world’s 9 billion mouths, organic farming cannot hope to compete with high-yield agriculture.

Precautionary Genocide

22 Wednesday Oct 2014

Posted by Nuetzel in Uncategorized

≈ 3 Comments

Tags

Biotechnology, conspiracy theories, Farmer's Daughter, food purists, GMOs, natural healing, Precautionary Principle, Pseudoscience, Skeptical Libertarian

LifeCoachCartoon

The claims of radical food purists, promoters of natural healing, medical skeptics and conspiracy theorists carry a high cost. For an articulate delineation of some major varieties of this sort of hogwash, take a look at “‘What’s The Harm’: The Body Count of Pseudoscience” at The Skeptical Libertarian blog:

“The answer is that the cost of misinformation is too large to ignore. It is real. It is devastating. It is counted in billions of dollars wasted on junk cures, in billions spent on treating preventable diseases. It is measured in lifetimes shortened, bodies crippled, eyes blinded, and children lost.

The costs of medical conspiracy theories and baseless fear-mongering are immense and ghastly. Millions upon millions of people are hurt and killed because [of] them every year. It is a veritable holocaust of ignorance. But it is a holocaust that is still happening, year after year, extinguishing countless of lives that could have been saved by good science, free markets, and sound policy.”

The bogus scientific claims are often simply examples of the precautionary principle gone berserk. Medical and biotechnology that has been proven safe and effective is rejected at the urging of activists whose goals are political, or snake oil salesmen whose goals are pecuniary, while innocents are put at risk. The author(s) of the post linked above cover several areas of pseudoscience worthy of condemnation. Read the whole thing, as they say.

One special topic mentioned in the post is scaremongering related to GMOs, which have demonstrated potential to enhance agricultural productivity and nutrition. That such anti-GMO nonsense can gain any traction with the public and policymakers is a tribute to effective promotion of bad science disguised as legitimate research. The Farmer’s Daughter USA blog has a couple of recent posts on GMO safety worth reading: “Just Ignore Those 2,000+ Studies Showing GMOs are Safe!” and “1 Trillion Meals Later: The GMO Safety Debate Is Over“. From the latter:

“Anti-GMO activists always refer to “scientific” studies done on animals eating genetically modified food with horrid results as proof that biotech isn’t safe. Yet, we have never encountered similar side effects or results in animal agriculture. Unlike the claims of tumors in rats, inflamed pig stomachs, or infertile sheep, animal agriculture has not encountered these problems while feeding their animals GMO feed.

Never.“

Don’t Mind Eating GMOs, But Sure Love Injecting Them

04 Saturday Oct 2014

Posted by Nuetzel in Uncategorized

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

Biotechnology, Bt, Chinese GMOs, ebola, genetic modification, GMOs, insulin, Leukemia, Luddites, Serelini

panic_and_hysteria

I have relied upon injections of genetically modified insulin hormone to keep me alive for many years. The benefits of biotechnology for mankind are supported by decades of hard experience and volumes of careful research, and there is no evidence of harm. But that can’t dissuade neo-Luddites in their efforts to foment panicked opposition to genetic modification of crops.

Another GMO horror story has been circulating about an experiment said to have been conducted at a Chinese university in which students were fed Bt rice. The claim is that an outbreak of acute leukemia ensued. This report bears all the all the earmarks of a fraud, right down to the fact that no one on campus seems to have heard about it!

Anti-GMO activists disparage critics for calling attention to the “fringe” character of the outlets promoting their views, or by diminishing opposing claims as “corporate,” when in fact the real problems are that those activists rely on badly designed and executed research and superstitions about technology. Articles about the alleged Chinese GMO experiment make false claims about prior research findings of a link between GMOs and leukemia. In fact, while the authors of that earlier research don’t admit it, their work casts more doubt on the safety of organic Bt pesticides than on GM crops expressing the Bt toxin. In other words, it’s lousy research. See here for further confirmation. This is reminiscent of other flimsy research promoted by the anti-GMO lobby, such as the notoriously bad Serelini study that used, as subjects, rats that had been bred to develop tumors.

Oddly, hysteria over GM crops does not extend to the genetically modified antibodies created to cure diseases like ebola. Synthetic human insulin is made via genetic modification too! Why no opposition? Perhaps because the activists recognize the impressive benefits of the biotechnology in this  context. The potential benefits of GM crops are no less impressive. And despite the best efforts of the anti-GMO lobby, there is no persuasive evidence that GM foods are harmful.

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